Geared windmill



(No Model.)

G. H. PATTISON.

GEARED WINDMILL.

No. 319,309. Patented June 2,1885.

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W] T NEES 1 qr aux kw [NVENTUR ATTORNEY Warren STATES GEARED WINDMILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 319,309, dated June 2, 1885.

The invention is fully described, explained, I

and claimed in the following specification, and shown in the accompanying drawing, which is a vertical section of a windmill-tower and the gearing constituting the subj cct of this ap-.

plication.

In the drawing referred to, A A are the posts of an ordinary windmill-tower. A is a metal plate or cap forming the top of the tower,

and A is a horizontal arm below the plate A" and connected with said plate by the integrally-formed bracket A. a On the plate A rests a turn-table, 13, concentric therewith, friction between the plate and turn-table being prevented by the inter-:

position of a series of ordinary anti-friction balls lying in grooves in the contiguous faces 1 i socket in the upper face of the miter-gear L,

A horizontal bearing, 13, is formed integrally with the turn-table B, and in said bear-' ing turns freely an ordinary'wind-wheel shaft, 5 (3, on whose inner end is rigidly mounted a of the two part-s.

miter-gear, D.

On the lower face of the turn-table, and concentric therewith, is a downwardly-extending hollow cylinder, 13, which extends through an opening in the plate A, and on the lower end-of the cylinder B is rigidly mounted a spur-gear, F, whose upper face is in contact with or immediately below the lower face of the plate A, whereby the gear prevents accidental lifting of the turn-table.

A vertical hollow shaft, 0, is journaled near its upper end in the center of the turn-table 13, (its lower end being stepped in a mitergear, L, as is hereinafter set forth,) and on the upper end of the shaft 0 is rigidly mounteda Application filed April 30, 1885. (No model) miter-gear, E, engaging with the miter-gear -D, already mentioned.

The spur-gear F of the turntable meshes with a spur-gear, G, mounted on a vertical shaft, 0, which is journaled at thetop in the plate A and at the bottom in the arm A.

A second spur-gear, G, is formed integrally with the gear G, and engages with a spur-gear, H, mounted loosely on the shaft 0.

A sleeve, H, is formed integrally with the gear H, and extends downward therefrom, and a miter-gear, I, is rigidly fastened to the lower end of the sleeve and turns freely about the shaft 0.

Immediately below the gear I is a short sleeve, S, rigidly fastened about the shaft C, and two integrally-formed shafts or gudgeons, C 0", extend horizontally outward from the sleeve in opposite directions.

On the shafts O C" are loosely mounted the respective miter-gears J K, which engage with the miter-gear I, already mentioned, each of the gears being secured on its shaft by a key passing through the shaft, as shown, or by any other means permitting free rotation of the gear on the shaft.

Below the gears J K is a miter-gear, L, engaging with both of said gears and resting on a cross-timber, P, which is fastened to the tower.

The lower end of the shaft 0 is stepped in a and a second vertical shaft, 0", in thesameline with the shaft 0, enters the gear L from below, and is rigidly fastened to it by set-screw or otherwise.

At the center of the gear, between the ends of the shafts G O, is a vertical cylindrical opening of prefer, bly the same diameter as the internal diameter of the shafts. A bearing, 0, set in the crosstimber I, holds the shaft 0 in place.

Between the sleeve 13 and the spur-gear H is a collar, 8, about the shaft 0. This collar is adapted to resist any upwardrpressure of the miter-gear I, which might tend to put it out of engagement with the gears J K.

The ratio of the diameter of the gear F to that of the gear G and the ratio of the gear G to the gear H may be varied to correspond with any variation of the ratio of the diame ters ofthe gears I L. As shown and described, the gears I L are equal in diameter. So long as this equality is preserved the gears F G G H must be of such relative sizes that one rotation of the gear]? when transmitted through the gears G G shall produce two rotations of the gear H. As shown in the drawings, this result is accomplished by making the gears G H equal in size, and giving the gear F a diameter double that of the gear G; but any other arrangement producing the same result may be substituted for this. I

Having now described the construction of my invention, I will proceed to explain its operation,which is as follows: The rotation of the windwheel shaft in the direction indicated by the arrow on the gear D turns the gear E in the direction indicated by the arrow thereon, and this rotation of-the gear E turns the L on the gears J K tends to turn the gear Iin the direction indicated by the arrow thereon,

5 class that the resistance of the work shall have shaft 0 and the sleeve S, with its projecting shafts C 0", in the samedirection. The revolution of the shafts C 0" about the vertical axis of the mill carries the'miter-gears J K bodily about the axis in the same direction, and this bodily revolution of the miter-gears rolls them about the gear I ,and rotates them on their respective axes O C in the directions indicated by the arrows on their faces. This rotation of the gears J K turns the gear L in the direction indicated by the arrow thereon, and thus rotates the shaft 0 (which is the power-transmitting shaft of the mill) in the same direction as that in which the shaft 0 is rotated by the Wind-wheel shaft and gears D time, however, that the resistance of the work operating through the gears D Etends to turn the turn-table in the direction indicated, the resistance of the work acting through the gear and this force, transmitted through the gears I GG to the gear F, tends to turn the latter in the direction indicated by the arrow thereon that is, in the direction opposite to the direction in whichtheturn-table is impelled by the resistance acting throughthe gears D E. Since the gear F is rigidly fastened to the turn-table B, it appears that the resistance of the work to the rotation of the wind-wheel shaft reacts on the turn-table in two opposite directions, the two reactions thus neutralizing each other, so that the turn-table is wholly unaffected by the resistance of the work to the rotation of the wind-wheel shaft. In otherwords, the resistance of the work performed by the wind-wheel shaft has no tendency to throw the mill out of the wind.

While it is important in machines of this no tendency to rotate the turn-table, it is equally necessary that the rotation of the turntable shall not tend to turn the wind-wheel shaft in its hearing or to rotate the powertransmitting mechanism by means of which the mill accomplishes its work. The mechahism shown in the drawing meets this requirement, as will be seen from the following explanation: If the turn-table B be rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow on the gear F, and'at the same time the shaft 0 and gear L be held stationary, the gears G G H I will move in the directions indicated by the arrows marked on said gears, respectively that is,the gear I will move in the same direction as the gear F and the turn-table. As has already been stated, however, the relative proportions of the gears F G G H are such that the gear H turns twice for each rotation of the gear F, and consequently the gearI turns twice for each rotation of the turn-table. tation of the gear I in the direction indicated rolls the gearsJ K about the gear L in the direction indicated by the arrow on the face of said gear, and thus rotates the shaft 0 in the same direction. Since the gears I L are of the same diameter, however, it requires two rotations of the gear I to roll the gears J K completely around the gear L or, in other words, two rotations of the gear I are required It the turn-table B produces two rotations of the gear I, and since two rotations of the gear I produce one rotation of the shaft 0 it follows, necessarily, that one rotation of the turn-table produces one rotation of the shaft 0 in the same direction; but if the turn-table B and the shaft 0, with its gear E, turn in the same direction and at the same rate of speed the gear E has no tendency to rotate the gear D or shaft G-that isto say, if the turn-table be rotated while the power-transmitting shaft 0 is held stationary, the wind-wheel shaft C will not turn in its bearing. On the other hand, if the wind-wheel shaft be locked in its bearing and the turn-table be rotated, the gear I will be turned twice for each turn of the turn-table, and at the same time the shaft 0 will be rotated once in the same direction. This rotation of the shaft 0 and gear I rolls the two gears J K about the gear L without tending to rotate the latter; hence it appears that the rotation of the turn-table has no tendency Whatever to turn either the wind-wheel shaft or the power-transmitting shaft.

In the drawing I have shown two opposite gears, J K, each of which engages with both of the gears I L. It is evident, however, that one of said gears may be dispensed with, if desired, and I have only shown them both as illustrating a desirable form of balanced gear- The shafts G 0 have been shown and desolid shafting,since the regulating-cord of the millmay be brought down through the hollow shafts to the ground. The power of the mill scribed as hollow, and I prefer this form to llllll- Ill-I I. ll i may be taken from the gear L, or from a gear or pulley attached thereto, if desired; but I prefer to transmit it through the shaft G to the foot of the tower, as being more convenient.

I am aware that many of the claims of my 1. In a windmill of the class described, the combination of a turn-table rotating freely' about the vertical axis of the mill a gear formed upon or rigidly fastened to the turntable, a

wind-wheel shaft journaled in said turn-table, two independentlyrotating vertical shafts adapted to transmit the power of the mill to other mechanism, a third vertical shaft journaled in suitable bearings attached to the tower v of the mill, and gearing, substantially as shown and described, connecting said wind-wheel shaft, said vertical shafts,and the gear attached to the turn-table, whereby the rotation of the turn-table about the vertical axis of the mill rotates one of said vertical power'transmitting shafts, but not the other.

2. I11 a windmill of the class described, the combination of a turn-table rotating freely about thevertical axis of the mill, a gear formed upon or attached rigidly to said turn-table, a wind-wheel shaft j ournaled in said turn-table, two independently-rotating vertical shafts adapted to transmit the power of the mill to other mechanism, a third vertical shaft journaled in suitable bearings attached to the tower of the mill, and gearing, substantially as shown and described, connecting said windwheel shaft, said vertical shafts, and the gear attached to the turntable, whereby the reaction of the work to be performed tends to retard the rotation of the wind-wheel shaft in its hearing, but not to rotate the turn-table about the Vertical axis of the mill.

3. In a windmill of the class described, the combination of a turn-table rotating freely about the vertical axis of the mill,agear formed on or rigidly fastened to said turn-table, a wind-wheel shaft journaled in said turn-table, two vertical and independently journaled shafts placed one above the other and adapted to transmit the power of the mill to other mechanism, a third vertical shaft journaled in suitable bearings attached to the tower of the mill, and a train of gearing connecting said wind-wheel shaft, said vertical shafts, and the gear attached to the turn-table, one element of said train of gearing being a loosely-mounted gear free to rotate on its own axis and to revolve about the axis of rotation of its movable support, whereby the rotation of the turntable does not tend to rotate the wind wheel shaft in its bearing or to rotate the lower of said vertical power-transmitting shafts.

i. In a windmill of the class described, the combination of a turn-table rotating freely about the vertical axis of the mill, a gear-wheel formed upon or fastened rigidly to said turn-r table, two independentlyrotating vertical shafts adapted to transmit the power of the mill to other mechanism, a wind-wheel shaft journaled in said turn-table, a third independent vertical shaft journaled in bearings attached to the tower, and a train of gearing connecting said wind-wheel shaft, said vertical shafts, and the gear on said turntable, one elementof said train of gearing being alooselymounted gear free to rotate on its own axis and about the axis of rotation of its movable support, whereby the rotation of the turn-table rotates the upper, but not the lower, of said vertical power-transmitting shafts.

5. The combination of the turn-table B, the gear F, formed thereon, the loose spur and miter-gear H I, rotating freely about the vertical axis of the mill, the miter-gear J, engaging with the gear I and free to rotate on its own axis and to revolve about the vertical axis of the mill, the miter gear L, engaging with the gear J, and the gears G G, connecting the gears F H, and adapted to rotate the gear H at twice the speed of rotation of the gear F, substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

6. I11 a windmill of the class described, the combination of a rotating turn-table, a gear formed on or rigidly attached to said turn-table, a loose gear having its axis coincident with the vertical axis of the mill and rotating freely on said axis, a loosely-mounted gear engaging with said loose gear and free to rotate on its own axis and to revolve about the vertical axis of the mill, the three vertical shafts C O 0, substantially as set forth, and gearing connecting the turn -table, both of said loosely-mounted gears, and said vertical shafts, whereby if the shaft 0 be held sta tionary a rotation of the turn-table has the same effect on said first-mentioned loose gear as a rotation of the shaft 0.

7. In a windmill of the class described, the combination of aturn-table free to rotate about the vertical axis of the mill, a wind-wheel shaft journaled in said turn table, a gear formed on said turn-table and rotating therewith, the three vertieal shafts G O 6, substantially as shown and described, and a train of gearing connecting the wind-wheel shaft, the turn-table, and the three vertical shafts, one element of said gearing being a looselymounted gear-wheel free to rotate about its own axis and to revolve about the axis of its movable support, whereby the turntable rotates without tending to rotate the wind-wheel shaft in its bearing, and the wind-wheel shaft rotates in its bearing without tending to rotate the turn-table.

8. The combination of the turn-table A and gear F,rigidly attached thereto, the three vertical shafts G O 0', the gear L, mounted rig idly on the shaft 0, the loosely-mounted gear J, engaging with the gear L, and gearing connecting the gears J F,whereby the rotation of the turn-table and its gear F rotates the shaft G,but not the shaft 0", substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

9. The combination, in a mill of the class described, of a turn-table rotating freely about the vertical axis of the mill, a wind-wheel shaft journaled in said turn-table, a gear formed-on the turn-table or rigidly attached thereto, two independently-rotating vertical shafts standing in the same straight line and adapted to transmit the power of the mill to other operated mechanism, a third vertical shaft journaled in bearings attached to the tower, and gearing, substantially as shown and described, connecting said wind-wheel shaft, said vertical shafts, and the gear attached to the turntable, whereby during the simultaneous rotation of the turn-table about the vertical axis of the mill and of the wind-wheel shaft in its bearing the speed of the operated mechanism bears a constant ratio tothe speed of rotation of the wind-wheel shaft.

10. The combination of the turn-table B,the wind-wheel shaft journaled therein, the gear I*, attached to the turn-table, the loose gear I, rotating freely about the vertical axis of the mill, the gear J, loosely mounted, as set forth,

and engaging with the gear I, the vertical shaft 0, and the gears D E, connecting it with the wind-wheel shaft, the gear L, engaging with the gear J, and the gears G G H, connecting the gears F I, whereby the rotation of the turn-table while the gear L is held stationary rotates the gear I on its axis, but does not rotate the wind-wheel shaft in its bearing, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

11. The combination of the wind-wheel shaft 0 and the gears D E F G G H I J L, all constructed, connected, and operating substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

12. The combination of the top plate, A, pro vided with the integrally-formed bracket A and bracket A, and the shaft 0, journaled in said plate and arm, substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GEORGE H. PATTISON. Witnesses:

GEO. J. DOLLMEYER, J F. GRAIN. 

